Anodontia: Types, possible etiologic, and genetic background in both syndromic and non-syndromic aspect

Abstract

Background: Anodontia is a congenital absence of nearly all permanent teeth with retention of many deciduous teeth. Developmentally missing teeth may also be the result of numerous independent pathological mechanisms that affect the orderly formation of the dental lamina, failure of the tooth germ to develop at the optimal time, the lack of necessary space imposed by a malformed jaw, and a genetically determined disproportion between the tooth mass and the jaw size. Aim: This review article tells about syndromes that the anodontia associated with and its etiology and its genetic background, anodontia can be isolated anodontia or due to other anomalies as described in the flowchart given. Conclusion: Although the etiology of a single missing tooth is unknown, a familial tendency for this defect is present in many. Graber reported the accumulating evidence that it is actually the result of one or more point mutation in a closely linked polygenic system, most often transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Before treatment of anodontia, we should know the possible background and etiology. Clinical Significance: Wide knowledge of etiology and genetic background before commencement of treatment will help in diagnosis and treatment planning.